Table 2.
Comparison between AD with and without sleep disturbance
| Characteristic | AD with sleep disturbance (n = 19) | AD without sleep disturbance (n = 44) | p |
| Gender, Male/Female | 8/11 | 11/33 | 0.175 |
| Age, y | 81.5 ± 6.4 | 77.8 ± 6.9 | 0.052 |
| Duration of illness, y | 2.2 ± 1.7 | 1.6 ± 1.2 | 0.142 |
| MMSE score | 19.3 ± 3.7 | 20.5 ± 4.4 | 0.317 |
| Whole brain volume, cm3 | 1321.8 ± 110.4 | 1279.1 ± 96.1 | 0.127 |
| PGV, mm3 | 71.2 ± 31.6 | 68.8 ± 42.4 | 0.824 |
| PPV, mm3 | 66.3 ± 27.6 | 59.1 ± 30.0 | 0.373 |
| Cyst, +/– | 9/10 | 25/19 | 0.490 |
| PVH score | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 0.152 |
| DWMH score | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 0.475 |
| Sleep disturbance subscale score | 4.2 ± 3.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | <0.001 |
| Depression subscale score | 2.0 ± 2.4 | 0.8 ± 1.8 | 0.033 |
AD, Alzheimer’s disease; DWMH, deep white matter hyperintensity; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination score; PGV, Pineal gland volume; PPV, pineal parenchymal volume; PVH, periventricular hyperintensity. Except for sex, data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation.