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. 2018 Jun 8;64(1):249–267. doi: 10.3233/JAD-170880

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© 2018 – IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved

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Fig. 1. — Schedule of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) administration to AβPP/PS1 mice and the experimental design from 5 to 15 months of age. A) The composition of α-tocopherol and α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienol isomers in TRF. α-Tocopherol has a long tail with no double bond, while all tocotrienols have a unique short tail structure with three double bonds. B) Mice were divided into four groups: wild-type mice that received water (WT-ctrl, n = 12) and three groups of AβPP/PS1 mice that received water (Tg-ctrl, n = 8), tocotrienol-rich fraction (Tg-TRF, n = 9), or palm oil stripped of vitamin E as a vehicle control (Tg-PO, n = 9). Daily administration started at 5 months and continued until 15 months of age. All mice were subjected to behavioral tasks for 13 days before sacrifice. Brains were collected for metabolites profiling.