Table A1.
Baseline characteristics by smoking status in the WHI study, 1993–2013
| Baseline smoking statusa |
||
|---|---|---|
| Characteristic at baseline | Never (n = 75 962) | Ever (n = 73 515) |
| Age at screening (years) (%) | ||
| <50–59 | 23 644 (31.1) | 24 974 (34.0)b |
| 60–69 | 33 832 (44.5) | 33 773 (45.9) |
| 70–79 | 18 486 (24.3) | 14 768 (20.1) |
| Race-ethnicity (%) | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 62 075 (81.9) | 62 532 (85.3)b |
| Black/African American | 6485 (8.6) | 6661 (9.1) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 3354 (4.4) | 2036 (2.8) |
| American Indian | 297 (0.4) | 320 (0.4) |
| Asian/Pacific islander | 2643 (3.5) | 1050 (1.4) |
| Other/Unknown | 1108 (1.2) | 916 (1.0) |
| Education (%) | ||
| High school or less | 18 094 (24.0) | 15 223 (20.9)b |
| School after high school | 27 464 (36.4) | 28 970 (39.7) |
| College degree or higher | 29 849 (39.6) | 28 797 (39.4) |
| Physical activity (MET/week) (%) | ||
| 0–3.00 | 21 062 (29.0) | 19 783 (28.2)b |
| >3.00–<11.75 | 23 627 (32.5) | 21 637 (30.8) |
| ≥11.75 | 27 926 (38.5) | 28 845 (41.0) |
| Alcohol intake (%) | ||
| Never | 13 896 (18.4) | 2241 (3.1)b |
| Past drinker | 13 096 (17.4) | 14 917 (20.4) |
| <1 drink per month | 10 300 (13.6) | 8174 (11.2) |
| <1 drink per week | 16 015 (21.2) | 14 544 (20.0) |
| 1–<7 drinks per week | 16 795 (22.3) | 21 382 (29.2) |
| ≥7 drinks per week | 5391 (7.1) | 11 972 (16.4) |
| BMI, kg/m2 (%) | ||
| <25 | 26 352 (35.0) | 25 138 (34.5) |
| 25–30 | 26 030 (34.6) | 25 454 (34.9) |
| ≥30 | 22 947 (30.5) | 22 261 (30.6) |
| Hormone-therapy use (%) | ||
| Never used | 32 496 (42.8) | 29 853 (40.6)b |
| <5 years | 16 455 (21.7) | 16 608 (22.6) |
| 5 to <10 years | 9676 (12.7) | 10 016 (13.6) |
| ≥10 years | 17 333 (22.8) | 17 036 (23.2) |
| Statin use (%) | 5749 (7.6) | 6019 (8.2)b |
| 10-year probability of hip fracture (%) | ||
| <0.53 | 23 727 (31.2) | 22 902 (31.2)b |
| 0.53–1.68 | 24 829 (32.7) | 25 074 (34.1) |
| ≥1.69 | 27 406 (36.1) | 25 539 (34.7) |
| Total calcium intake (supplements and diet) (mean ± SD, mg/day) | 1187.7 ± 772.1 | 1174.4 ± 719.7b |
| Total vitamin D intake (supplements and diet) (mean ± SD, U/day) | 376.8 ± 280.7 | 370.4 ± 278.9b |
| Oral bisphosphonate use (%) | 1660 (2.2%) | 1440 (2.0%)b |
| Duration of bisphosphonate usec (mean ± SD, years) | 1.22 ± 1.6 | 1.21 ± 1.8 |
a
Missing value were not included in the table.
b
χ 2 tests for categorical variables and Student’s t-tests for continuous variables were used to compare oral bisphosphonate users with nonusers. P value < 0.01.
c
Among baseline bisphosphonate users.