Table 2.

Need-for-Hospitalization Criteria

Intervention
Intravenous fluids: 2 or more boluses in 4-hour period OR continuous intravenous fluids for 24+ hours
Supplemental oxygen administration in association with documented oxygen saturation <90%
Change from narrow- to broad-spectrum antibiotics
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (continuous positive airway pressure, bilevel positive airway pressure)
Invasive mechanical ventilation
Chest drainage procedure for effusion or empyema
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Vasoactive infusions
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Diagnoses
Parapneumonic effusion–empyema
Pneumothorax
Lung necrosis or abscess
Bronchopleural fistula
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Sepsis–septic shock
Death