Table 1.
Cryptosporidium deaths, incidence, cases, and DALYs in children younger than 5 years in 2016 in GBD regions
| Deaths | Incidence (per 1000) | Episodes | Acute DALYs | Undernutrition-associated DALYs | Total DALYs | Increase in DALYs* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global | 48 301 (24 612–81 934) | 69·7 (31·1–137·9) | 44 843 579 (19 989 536–88 698 030) | 4 223 986 (2 159 974–7 163 041) | 7 851 321 (5 420 602–11 052 124) | 12 868 494 (10 148 099–16 010 060) | 153%(103–232%) |
| High-income North America | 0 (0–0) | 0·2 (0·1–0·3) | 4554 (2706–6555) | 31 (25–37) | 288 (194–410) | 319 (226–442) | 910%(614–1353%) |
| Australasia | 0 (0–0) | 0·2 (0·0–1·0) | 272 (76–1769) | 6 (1–27) | 16 (10–24) | 27 (16–51) | 180%(45–565%) |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 0 (0–0) | 0·1 (0·1–0·2) | 805 (439–1359) | 6 (4–27) | 63 (38–96) | 71 (46–105) | 863%(398–1596%) |
| Western Europe | 2 (0–6) | 7·8 (0·6–27·6) | 174 157 (12 306–613 882) | 514 (51–1469) | 1194 (628–2050) | 2429 (1510–4224) | 102%(34–237%) |
| Southern Latin America | 0 (0–0) | 0·6 (0·3–0·9) | 2966 (1620–4477) | 14 (10–32) | 915 (588–1377) | 930 (602–1393) | 5891%(3524–9808%) |
| Eastern Europe | 5 (0–12) | 21·0 (1·2–62·5) | 287 895 (15 793–855 817) | 987 (115–2372) | 9295 (6454–13 281) | 11 102 (7735–16 313) | 590%(195–1295%) |
| Central Europe | 1 (0–2) | 4·2 (0·8–23·4) | 23 994 (4618–133 721) | 99 (14–390) | 4448 (2861–6513) | 4619 (3112–6694) | 2797%(1110–5218%) |
| Central Asia | 26 (1–79) | 6·3 (0·5–27·6) | 68 917 (5206–304 412) | 2371 (91–7278) | 44 736 (28 312–65 267) | 50 277 (32 921–72 541) | 982%(252–2434%) |
| Central Latin America | 11 (3–32) | 2·3 (0·8–6·1) | 52 473 (17 702–136 283) | 1064 (293–2969) | 23 969 (16 119–33 131) | 25 606 (17 623–35 172) | 1636%(597–3376%) |
| Andean Latin America | 11 (0–31) | 11·6 (0·9–46·9) | 76 123 (5975–307 379) | 1058 (56–3042) | 22 238 (15 572–31 453) | 24 589 (17 470–34 027) | 1142%(336–2776%) |
| Caribbean | 101 (11–244) | 36·6 (1·9–107·5) | 151 161 (7802–443 712) | 9006 (1043–21 559) | 40 278 (21 890–69 605) | 54 830 (32 303–89 568) | 302%(104–783%) |
| Tropical Latin America | 155 (81–260) | 231·6 (103·5–429·1) | 3 301 955 (1 475 682–6 117 901) | 19 188 (10 637–31 428) | 105 931 (79 146–140 758) | 126 547 (98 929–161 784) | 517%(327–797%) |
| East Asia | 185 (93–334) | 17·5 (7·1–38·5) | 1 159 312 (470 902–2 544 555) | 18 044 (9085–32 364) | 32 581 (21 621–47 569) | 52 494 (39 330–70 365) | 162%(95–289%) |
| Southeast Asia | 164 (9–506) | 6·1 (0·6–28·4) | 357 786 (36 967–1 669 495) | 14 717 (820–46 212) | 136 958 (89 043–204 856) | 167 615 (113 162–243 030) | 517%(150–1300%) |
| Oceania | 17 (5–38) | 47·5 (11·6–114·2) | 65 568 (16 037–157 718) | 1565 (439–3508) | 14 043 (6994–26 627) | 16 116 (9085–28 598) | 689%(259–1644%) |
| Southern sub-Saharan Africa | 719 (294–1295) | 103·9 (50·6–193·7) | 941 676 (458 361–1 755 910) | 63 403 (26 416–113 137) | 131 018 (89 442–183 120) | 208 445 (159 658–274 770) | 170%(97–274%) |
| Western sub-Saharan Africa | 28 396 (13 983–50 422) | 252·2 (109·1–492·4) | 16 470 528 (7 124 982–32 155 456) | 2 463 110 (1 209 737–4 360 397) | 3 286 075 (2 123 679–4 930 228) | 6 188 684 (4 678 178–7 955 598) | 110%(65–188%) |
| Eastern sub-Saharan Africa | 6237 (3079–10 409) | 112·9 (52·4–214·4) | 7 043 892 (3 268 919–13 374 790) | 548 001 (273 263–924 229) | 1 493 574 (1 034 601–2 030 080) | 2 156 499 (1 689 633–2 743 811) | 222%(143–321%) |
| Central sub-Saharan Africa | 7387 (3599–13 036) | 439·7 (205·1–841·2) | 9 335 506 (4 353 774–17 858 382) | 650 614 (320 586–1 139 678) | 1 325 341 (777 649–2 119 147) | 2 058 400 (1 426 990–2 877 238) | 177%(90–336%) |
Ranges in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals. DALYs=disability-adjusted life-years.
*
Relative increase in DALYs when those associated with undernutrition are considered in addition to those associated with diarrhoea (acute DALYs).