TABLE 1. Representative neurotransmitter producing bacteria.
A number of bacteria have been reported to be able to produce a range of mammalian neurotransmitters. This table was curated to include only one organism per species, and parenthesis indicate strain when available. Much of the information listed here was taken from Dhakal et al., 2012 and Clarke, et al. 2014, with more recently reported neurotransmitter producing organisms being added.
| Neurotransmitter | Bacterial Strain | Reference |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Dopamine | Bacillus cereus | Tsavkelova et al., 2000 |
| Bacillus mycoides | Tsavkelova et al., 2000 | |
| Bacillus subtilis | Tsavkelova et al., 2000 | |
| Escherichia coli | Tsavkelova et al., 2000 | |
| Escherichia coli (K-12) | Shishov VA, 2009 | |
| Hafnia alvei (NCIMB, 11999) | Özoğul, 2004 | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae (NCIMB, 673) | Özoğul, 2004 | |
| Morganella morganii (NCIMB, 10466) | Özoğul, 2004 | |
| Proteus vulgaris | Tsavkelova et al., 2000 | |
| Serratia marcescens | Tsavkelova et al., 2000 | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Tsavkelova et al., 2000 | |
|
| ||
| Noradrenaline | Bacillus mycoides | Tsavkelova et al., 2000 |
| Bacillus subtilis | Tsavkelova et al., 2000 | |
| Escherichia coli (K-12) | Shishov VA, 2009 | |
| Proteus vulgaris | Tsavkelova et al., 2000 | |
| Serratia marcescens | Tsavkelova et al., 2000 | |
|
| ||
| Serotonin | Escherichia coli (K-12) | Shishov VA, 2009 |
| Hafnia alvei (NCIMB, 11999) | Özoğul, 2004 | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae (NCIMB, 673) | Özoğul, 2004 | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum (FI8595) | Özoğul, 2012 | |
| Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (MG 1363) | Özoğul, 2012 | |
| Morganella morganii (NCIMB, 10466) | Özoğul, 2004 | |
| Streptococcus thermophilus (NCFB2392) | Özoğul, 2012 | |
|
| ||
| GABA | Bifidobacterium adolescentis (DPC6044) | Barrett et al., 2012 |
| Bifidobacterium angulatum (ATCC27535) | Pokusaeva et al., 2017 | |
| Bifidobacterium dentium (DPC6333) | Barrett et al., 2012 | |
| Bifidobacterium infantis (UCC35624) | Barrett et al., 2012 | |
| Lactobacillus brevis (DPC6108) | Barrett et al., 2012 | |
| Lactobacillus buchneri (MS) | Cho et al., 2007 | |
| Lactobacillus paracaseiNFRI (7415) | Komatsuzaki et al., 2005 | |
| Lactobacillus plantarum (ATCC14917) | Siragusa et al., 2007 | |
| Lactobacillus reuteri (100-23) | Pokusaeva et al., 2017 | |
| Lactobacillus rhamnosus (YS9) | Siragusa et al., 2007 | |
| Lactobacillus. delbrueckiisubsp. bulgaricus (PR1) | Siragusa et al., 2007 | |
| Monascus purpureus (CCRC 31615) | Su et al., 2003 | |
| Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus (Y2) | Yang et al., 2008 | |
|
| ||
| Acetylcholine | Lactobacillus plantarum | Stanaszek et al., 1977 |
|
| ||
| Histamine | Citrobacter freuindii | Kim et al., 2001 |
| Enterobacter spp. | Kim et al., 2001 | |
| Hafnia alvei (NCIMB, 11999) | Özoğul, 2004 | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae (NCIMB, 673) | Özoğul, 2004 | |
| Lactbacillus plantarum (FI8595) | Özoğul, 2012 | |
| Lactobacillus hilgardii | Landete et al., 2007 | |
| Lactobacillus mali | Landete et al., 2007 | |
| Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (MG 1363) | Özoğul, 2012 | |
| Lactococcus lactissubsp. lactis (IL1403) | Özoğul, 2012 | |
| Morganella morganii (NCIMB, 10466) | Özoğul, 2004 | |
| Oenococcus oeni | Landete JM, 2005 | |
| Pediococcus parvulus | Landete et al., 2007 | |
| Streptococcus thermophiles (NCFB2392) | Özoğul, 2012 | |