Table 1.

Comparisons of radiographic measurements between different ages

Radiographic measurements	< 10 yrs (28 feet)		10 to 13.9 yrs (29 feet)		≥ 14 yrs (22 feet)		p-values
	Mean	sd	Mean	sd	Mean	sd	< 10 yrs and 10 to 13.9 yrs	< 10 yrs and ≥ 14 yrs	10 to 13.9 yrs and ≥ 14 yrs
Anteroposterior view radiographs
HIA (°)	15.7	5.6	17.9	7.2	15.3	5.2	0.207	0.186	0.150
HVA (°)	12.3	6.9	19.3	14.2	24.9	17.3	0.022	0.003	0.226
DMAA (°)	10.3	5.4	16.7	9.6	20.4	10.7	0.003	0.0003	0.211
IMA (°)	14.1	4.6	15.5	7.1	15.7	4.9	0.388	0.238	0.885
RL (mm)	2.4	2.3	4.2	2.4	5.2	2.5	0.005	0.0002	0.162
MAA (°)	15.9	4.8	15.7	6.8	13.0	5.2	0.891	0.037	0.117
Lateral view radiographs
TMA (°)	8.7	8.1	14.1	12.7	13.7	14.7	0.069	0.163	0.922
THA (°)	28.1	6.5	32.4	8.6	32.0	11.1	0.047	0.152	0.911
TCAA (°)	43.0	5.0	48.8	7.8	49.4	10.8	0.002	0.017	0.830.
TCPA (°)	52.6	5.0	56.3	8.9	54.3	9.3	0.066	0.439	0.455
CP (°)	14.9	7.1	16.4	8.3	17.4	7.3	0.476	0.249	0.681
BMI percentile	73.3	26.3	72.5	24.6	80.8	18.0	0.998	0.187	0.681

BMI, body mass index; CP, calcaneal pitch angle; DMAA, distal metatarsal articular angle; HIA, hallux interphalangeal angle; HVA, hallux valgus angle; IMA, first and second intermetatarsal angle; MAA, metatarsus adductus angle; RL, first and second intermetatarsal relative length; TCAA, talocalcaneal axial angle; TCPA, talocalcaneal (pitch) angle; THA, talo-horizontal angle; TMA, talo-first metatarsal angle