Table 5.
Association of Airflow Obstruction with Duration of Use of Solid Fuels for Cooking or Heating
| Men |
Women |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) |
I2 (%) | OR (95% CI) |
I2 (%) | |||||||
| Airflow Obstruction | Ca:NCa | All Sites | LMIC | HIC | Ca:NCa | All Sites | LMIC | HIC | ||
| Overall | ||||||||||
| Per 10 yr of use | 961:7,425 | 1.07 (0.98–1.16) | 1.08 (0.98–1.19) | 1.05 (0.88–1.26) | 56.2 | 905:8,913 | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | 0.98 (0.85–1.13) | 1.04 (0.92–1.17) | 64.8 |
| Per 10 yr of use, excluding those with <10 yr of use | 832:6,404 | 1.00 (0.99–1.16) | 1.09 (0.99–1.19) | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | 37.6 | 787:7,376 | 1.01 (0.91–1.11) | 0.98 (0.85–1.13) | 1.08 (0.96–1.20) | 57.3 |
| Never-smokers | ||||||||||
| Per 10 yr of use | 205:2,714 | 1.02 (0.87–1.21) | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) | 0.80 (0.43–1.49) | 47.2 | 488:6,737 | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) | 1.09 (0.98–1.22) | 1.05 (0.88–1.26) | 36.9 |
| Per 10 yr of use, excluding those with <10 yr of use | 172:2,154 | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | 1.08 (0.95–1.22) | 0.82 (0.48–1.40) | 44.2 | 405:5,384 | 1.08 (0.99–1.19) | 1.08 (0.96–1.21) | 1.13 (0.98–1.32) | NS |
Definition of abbreviations: Ca = cases; CI = confidence interval; HIC = high-income country; LMIC = low-/middle-income country; NCa = noncases; NS = non–statistically significant (i.e., P > 0.05) heterogeneity (I2); OR = odds ratio.
Adjusted for age, height, body mass index, pack-years, and cumulative exposure to dusty jobs.