Table 1.

Systematic review questions developed using the CHARMS checklist

Item	Systematic review characteristics
1. Type of prediction model	Prognostic model to predict development of COPD
2. Intended scope of the review	To identify adults (>18 years) who will or will not develop COPD in later adult life, to help in early detection, closer monitoring, and therapeutic decision making
3. Type of prediction modeling studies	Studies of prediction models developed with and without external validation in independent data. Prediction models developed for predicting risk of development of COPD and studies updating and validating previous risk prediction models
4. Target population	Adults in the general population, adults with high risk of development of COPD (smokers, asthmatics)
5. Outcome to be predicted	COPD diagnosis using spirometry by FEV1/FVC <70% or by symptoms or by FEV1/FVC < LLN
6. Time span	Predictors measured in adults and subsequent outcomes
7. Intended moment of using the model	Model to be used in early detection of COPD in general population or populations at risk. By primary care practitioners and respiratory physicians

Abbreviations: CHARMS, Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; LLN, lower limit of normal.