Table 5.
Risk factors included in the final COPD risk prediction models
| Reference | Guo et al, 201517 | Kotz et al, 201420 | Himes et al, 200919 | Higgins et al, 198218 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age | ✓6 | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Sex | ✓1 | ✓* | ✓ | ✓10 |
| Race | ✓ | – | ||
| SES status | ✓7 | – | – | |
| Height, weight or BMI | – | – | ||
| Lung function | – | ✓ | ||
| Personal or FHx lung diseases | ✓8 | ✓9 | – | |
| Lifestyle factors | ||||
| Smoking history | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Early life factors | ||||
| History of RI in childhood | ✓2 | |||
| Low birth weight | ✓3 | |||
| Other | ||||
| Environmental pollution | ✓4 | – | ||
| Biomarkers | ✓5 | |||
Notes: 1: All Chinese; 2: history of respiratory infections in childhood (yes/no); 3: low birth weight <2,500 g; 4: their place of residence and work environment; 5: SNPs genotyped rs2070600, rs10947233, rs1800629, rs2241712, rs1205; 6: age was categorized into 35–39, 40–44, 45–49, 50–54, 55–59, 60–64, and 65+ years; 7: Carstairs Index of Deprivation (coded 1= least deprived to 5= most deprived); 8: asthma; 9: asthma not included as a predictor, derivation and validation cohorts include patients diagnosed with asthma, but included eight comorbidities (“acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis”, “pneumonia, organism unspecified”, “shortness of breath”, “respiratory distress or insufficiency”, “diabetes mellitus”, “acute upper respiratory infection”, “viral and chlamydial infections”, and “heart failure”); 10: males % Vmax50 and females % FEV1.
Models derived for males and females separately.