Table 2.

Case studies

Product	Innovation	Developers	Reference
Thermostable vaccine preparations	Proprietary formulation for biologics and vaccines to allow stability, potency and patency in austere enviroments.	Biotech start-up, MA, USA, Now collaborating with GSK, Sanofi Pasteur, Glaxosmithkline, VBI Vaccines	[11]
Tablet Computers	Low cost tablet computer “Aakash”	Datawind & Government subsidy; Retail cost US$ 35
Fetal Heart rate monitor	Use of microphones to detect fetal heart sounds for low cost fetal heart rate monitors for mobile phone technology.	Siemens	[12,13]
Drones	Vaccine and blood product delivery to rural Rwanda	UPS & GAVI – US$ 800 000 Grant for R&D	[14]
Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) Test Kit	Onchocerciasis rapid test to help treatment and elimination efforts	PATH – National Institute for Health – National Institute of Allergy and Infectious disease, South Korean scientists. SD. BIOLINE	[15]
AINA	Platform for diagnostic testing of chronic disease using mobile phone technology	JANA Care	[16]
LIMO	Low cost Limb Immobilisation splint	Stanford-India Biodesign collaboration – cost US$ 5	[17]