Table 1. Stuttering-like disfluencies–between-group comparisons.

Speech task	Group	Mean(±SD)	H	df	p-value	Pairwise analysis
Monologue speech	PD	3.85(±4.18)	65.76	2	<0.001*	PD≠DS p = 0.005* PD≠CG p<0.001* DS≠CG p<0.001*
	DS	31.05(±18.37)
	CG	0.22(±0.61)
Solo oral reading	PD	1.80(±2.01)	59.49	2	<0.001*	PD≠DS p<0.001* PD≠CG p = 0.008* DS≠CG p<0.001*
	DS	25.25(±18.73)
	CG	0.17(±0.50)
Choral reading	PD	0.20(±0.52)	12.49	2	0.002*	PD = DS p = 0.337 PD = CG p = 0.290 DS≠CG p<0.001*
	DS	1.30(±3.61)
	CG	0(±0)

PD–Parkinson’s disease; DS–developmental stuttering; CG–control group; SD–standard deviation; df—degrees of freedom

* significant results; Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn-Bonferroni test.