Table 3.
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Scores according to Treatment Group
| Variable | Sedation Protocol | Usual Care | Healthy Population (32) | P Value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parent-report | n = 192 | n = 252 | n = 9,430 | |
| Age at PedsQL, n (%) | 0.21 | |||
| 2–4 yr | 90 (47) | 96 (38) | ||
| 5–7 yr | 39 (20) | 67 (27) | ||
| 8–12 yr | 28 (15) | 49 (19) | ||
| ≥13 yr | 35 (18) | 40 (16) | ||
| Normal functional status at baseline, n (%) | 151 (79) | 192 (76) | 0.41 | |
| PRISM III-12 score, median (IQR) | 8 (3–14) | 8 (5–13) | 0.46 | |
| PedsQL scores† | ||||
| Total score | 77.5 (20.6) | 77.9 (20.1) | 82.7 (15.4) | 0.71 |
| No. impaired (%)‡ | 55 (29) | 65 (26) | ||
| Physical functioning | 76.9 (28.6) | 77.2 (26.5) | 84.5 (19.5) | 0.04 |
| No. impaired (%) | 49 (26) | 64 (25) | ||
| Psychosocial health | 78.0 (18.8) | 78.3 (18.9) | 81.7 (15.2) | 0.94 |
| No. impaired (%) | 49 (26) | 55 (22) | ||
| Emotional functioning | 75.2 (21.8) | 78.4 (21.6) | 81.3 (16.5) | 0.13 |
| No. impaired (%) | 54 (28) | 59 (23) | ||
| Social functioning | 82.3 (21.9) | 81.7 (21.9) | 83.7 (19.4) | 0.73 |
| No. impaired (%) | 36 (19) | 54 (21) | ||
| School functioning§ | 73.5 (24.1) | 71.9 (25.8) | 78.8 (19.6) | 0.53 |
| No. impaired (%) | 29 (21) | 53 (28) | ||
| Self-report | n = 39 | n = 66 | n = 5,480 | |
| Age at PedsQL, n (%) | 0.98 | |||
| 8–12 yr | 17 (44) | 32 (48) | ||
| ≥13 yr | 22 (56) | 34 (52) | ||
| Normal functional status at baseline, n (%) | 31 (79) | 56 (85) | 0.55 | |
| PRISM III-12 score, median (IQR) | 9 (6–16) | 11 (6–17) | 0.97 | |
| PedsQL scores† | ||||
| Total score | 68.3 (21.5) | 74.0 (19.9) | 83.8 (12.7) | 0.24 |
| No. impaired (%) | 18 (46) | 28 (42) | ||
| Physical functioning | 63.5 (30.6) | 72.5 (25.0) | 87.5 (13.5) | 0.15 |
| No. impaired (%) | 19 (49) | 31 (47) | ||
| Psychosocial health | 70.8 (20.0) | 74.7 (20.1) | 81.9 (14.1) | 0.44 |
| No. impaired (%) | 12 (31) | 20 (30) | ||
| Emotional functioning|| | 73.2 (20.8) | 74.7 (22.7) | 0.66 | |
| No. impaired (%) | 8 (21) | 15 (23) | 79.3 (18.2) | |
| Social functioning | 74.5 (24.9) | 82.4 (21.2) | 0.14 | |
| No. impaired (%) | 12 (31) | 16 (24) | 85.2 (16.8) | |
| School functioning|| | 64.7 (22.2) | 66.8 (25.5) | 0.68 | |
| No. impaired (%) | 13 (33) | 25 (38) | 81.1 (16.5) |
Definition of abbreviations: HRQL = health-related quality of life; IQR = interquartile range; PedsQL = Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory; PICU = pediatric ICU; PRISM III-12 = Pediatric Risk of Mortality III score from first 12 hours in the PICU.
Data are mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated.
P values for the comparison of PedsQL scores between treatment groups were calculated using linear regression accounting for PICU as a cluster variable using generalized estimating equations, with adjustment for categorical age at PedsQL, functional status at baseline, and PRISM III-12 score.
Higher scores indicate better HRQL.
Impaired HRQL defined as score greater than 1 SD below the mean of the reference population (13).
For the sedation protocol group, missing 58% of school functioning scores in the 2- to 4-year age group and 2% in children 5 years or older. For the usual care group, missing 56% of school functioning scores in the 2- to 4-year age group and 4% in children 5 years or older. Of the 107 children missing school functioning scores whose parent/guardian provided interview data, 95 (89%) were not enrolled in school, preschool, or daycare.
Missing emotional functioning score for one patient in the sedation protocol group in the 13 years or older age group and school functioning score for one patient in the sedation protocol group in the 8- to 12-year age group.