Table 2.
HMPV subtype distribution and gene flow into Peruvian locations
| Lima | Iquitos | Piura | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HMPV subgroups present by year and location | |||
| 2008 | ‐ | A2, B1 | A2, B1 |
| 2009 | A2 | A2, B1 | A2, B2 |
| 2010 | A2 | A2, B2 | A2, B2 |
| 2011 | ‐ | A2 | A2 |
| 2012 | A2 | A2 | A2 |
| All years | A2 | A2, B1, B2 | A2, B1, B2 |
| Putative new HMPV introductions by year and location and subgroupa | |||
| 2008 | ‐ | 2 (A2[1],B1[1]) | 2 (A2[1],B1[1]) |
| 2009 | 1 (A2[1]) | 2 (A2[1],B1[1]) | 2 (A2[1],B2[1]) |
| 2010 | 1 (A2[1]) | 3 (A2[2],B2[1]) | 3 (A2[2],B2[1]) |
| 2011 | ‐ | 1 (A2[1]) | 0 |
| 2012 | 1 (A2[1]) | 1 (A2[1]) | 0 |
| All years | 3 | 9 | 7 |
| Origin state | Location of importation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Lima | Iquitos | Piura | |
| Whole‐genome “Markov jump” counts into Peruvian cities (A2 lineage)b | |||
| Peru | 4.02 | 9.42 | 0.26 |
| Global | 0 | 0.07 | 3.02 |
| Any | 4.02 | 9.49 | 3.28 |
| F‐gene “Markov jump” counts into Peruvian cities (A2 lineage)b | |||
| Peru | 4.06 | 7.3 | 1.5 |
| Global | 0.01 | 0.71 | 2.79 |
| Any | 4.07 | 8.01 | 4.29 |
HMPV, human metapneumovirus.
a
Derived from maximum‐likelihood phylogeny (Figure 1). For each year and location, the distribution of new introductions by subgroup is indicated in brackets.
b
Performed on data from the A2 lineage only.