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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Child Care Health Dev. 2018 Mar 25;44(4):507–515. doi: 10.1111/cch.12561

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Figure 2a & 2b legend:

This figure represents the quantity and quality of the evidence relating parenting axes with either child cognitive (2a) or behavioral (2b) outcomes. Parenting style axes are defined as follows:

Warmth – positive affect and acceptance of child

Rejection – hostility or criticism towards child

Demandingness – degree of developmentally appropriate expectations

Structure – assertive control and consistency

Responsivity – sensitivity to child’s cues

Autonomy support – nondirective support and respect for child’s independence

Coercion – intrusiveness or over controlling

>0 (+ direction) indicates a positive association, 0 no association, and <0 (− direction) a negative association between the parenting axis and child outcome. The size of the circle represents the number of studies. The color of the circle indicates the strength of recommendation, with dark gray indicating strong recommendations in positive and negative directions, respectively. Light gray indicates a conditional recommendation. Axes for which recommendations could not be made were excluded from these figures.