Table 1.

Criterion validity: prediction of clinician diagnosis of impaired function by individual measures of bulbar assessment

Measure 1	n	Full ROC curve				Cut‐off at maximum Youden's index
		AUC	Lower	Upper	P‐value	Value	Accuracy	PPV	NPV	Sensitivity	Specificity
CNS‐BFS total score	112	0.954	0.915	0.993	<0.001	≥39.0	0.920	0.955	0.870	0.913	0.930
CNS‐BFS speech	119	0.948	0.907	0.988	<0.001	≥14.0	0.891	0.873	0.917	0.939	0.830
CNS‐BFS swallowing	113	0.830	0.756	0.905	<0.001	≥16.0	0.770	0.690	0.855	0.833	0.723
CNS‐BFS sialorrhea	120	0.884	0.825	0.942	<0.001	≥11.0	0.775	0.469	0.986	0.958	0.729
ALSFRS‐R total score	111	0.603	0.496	0.710	0.059	≤32.0	0.559	0.732	0.457	0.441	0.744
ALSFRS‐R bulbar subscore	111	0.922	0.874	0.970	<0.001	≤9.0	0.856	0.919	0.776	0.838	0.884
ALSFRS‐R 1. Speech	118	0.916	0.872	0.960	<0.001	≤2.0	0.814	0.978	0.712	0.677	0.981
ALSFRS‐R 3. Swallowing	112	0.696	0.607	0.786	<0.001	≤3.0	0.652	0.559	0.795	0.809	0.538
ALSFRS‐R 2. Salivation	119	0.827	0.755	0.899	<0.001	≤3.0	0.597	0.324	1.000	1.000	0.500
VAS speech	117	0.862	0.792	0.933	<0.001	≤7.0	0.803	0.841	0.759	0.803	0.804
VAS swallowing	112	0.710	0.614	0.807	<0.001	≤8.0	0.679	0.620	0.726	0.646	0.703
VAS sialorrhea	118	0.854	0.786	0.921	<0.001	≤8.0	0.754	0.447	0.958	0.875	0.723
Timed reading (words/min)	117	0.917	0.867	0.968	<0.001	≤149.3	0.863	0.877	0.846	0.877	0.846
Timed swallowing: solids	113	0.762	0.674	0.851	<0.001	≥11.2	0.699	0.603	0.844	0.854	0.585
Timed swallowing: water	113	0.760	0.674	0.847	<0.001	≥5.0	0.717	0.682	0.739	0.625	0.785

ALSFRS‐R, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale‐Revised; AUC, area under the curve; CNS‐BFS, Center for Neurologic Study Bulbar Function Scale; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; ROC, receiver‐operating characteristic; VAS, visual analog scale.