. 2018 Jun 12;12:399. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00399

Table 5.

D-amphetamine-induced statistically significant changes of metabolites (μmoles, median, and range) if both strains were analyzed together (Kruskal–Wallis test, p < 0.05).

Metabolites and their ratios	Saline (N = 23)	Acute AMPH (N = 30)	Repeated AMPH (N = 26)	Kruskal–Wallis test	Effect size (η²)
C14	0.088 0.06–0.12	0.075 0.054–0.14	0.094^b 0.059–0.18	$χ_{(2, 79)}^{2}$ = 6.19, p = 0.045	0.07
Hexoses	7,609 4,405–11,103	6,053^a 3,269–9,751	5,778^c 2,764–9,625	$χ_{(2, 77)}^{2}$ = 7.31, p = 0.03	0.09
Citrulline	51.4 28.9–112	45.2^a 14.2–112	41.5^c 27.5–82.0	$χ_{(2, 78)}^{2}$ = 8.51, p = 0.01	0.10
Isoleucine	91.5 60.6–129	95.0 75.6–214	109^c 62.5–208	$χ_{(2, 79)}^{2}$ = 8.66, p = 0.013	0.10
Leucine	129 92.8–197	154^a 107–372	168^c 104–413	$χ_{(2, 79)}^{2}$ = 11.75, p = 0.003	0.13
ADMA	0.34 0.11–0.75	0.34 0.00–1.27	0.26^c 0.00–0.60	$χ_{(2, 76)}^{2}$ = 6.70, p = 0.04	0.08
Kynurenine	1.42 0.93–1.90	1.22^a 0.89–1.6	1.15^c 0.83–1.90	$χ_{(2, 75)}^{2}$ = 12.82, p = 0.002	0.15
lysoPC a C16:0	302 158–444	225^a 127–411	268 121–443	$χ_{(2, 79)}^{2}$ = 8.42, p = 0.02	0.10
lysoPC a C18:2	151 88.0–198	113^a 61.1–242	114^c 56.3–226	$χ_{(2, 78)}^{2}$ = 10.42, p = 0.006	0.12
PC ae C40:6	1.48 0.82–2.11	1.21 0.58–1.80	1.47^b 0.80 - 2.53	$χ_{(2, 78)}^{2}$ = 6.82, p = 0.03	0.08
PC ae C42:1	0.47 0.22–0.68	0.42 0.17–0.66	0.51^b 0.32–0.80	$χ_{(2, 78)}^{2}$ = 7.01, p = 0.03	0.08
BCAA	397 308–611	420 305–811	461^c 291–939	$χ_{(2, 78)}^{2}$ = 6.03, p = 0.049	0.07
*CPT1 ratio	0.009 0.005–0.020	0.009 0.005–0.020	0.011^b 0.004–0.030	$χ_{(2, 79)}^{2}$ = 8.92, p = 0.01	0.10
lysoPC a C20:4/lysoPC a C20:3	3.35 2.85–4.47	3.43 2.66–5.89	3.82^b^,^c 2.91–5.71	$χ_{(2, 79)}^{2}$ = 8.59, p = 0.01	0.10

Effect size estimates for chi-square values are indicated by η², where value ≥ 0.14 corresponds to a large effect. *CPT1 (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1) ratio [(C16 + C18)/carnitine].

Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between saline and acute AMPH.

Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between acute AMPH and repeated AMPH.

Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between saline and repeated AMPH.