Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Study arms (N) | Total N | Network inclusion | Treatment duration (months) | Follow-up time points (months) | % male | Mean age | Measure of symptoms | Study design | Country | % exposed to antipsychotics at baseline |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Addington et al. (37) | CBT-F + NBI [27] NBI [24] |
51 | 6, 12 | 6 | 6, 12, 18 | 71 | 20.9 | SIPS | SB-RCT | Canada | 0 |
| Amminger et al. (40) | Omega-3 + NBI [41] NBI [40] |
81 | 6, 12 | 3 | 6, 12, 84 | 33 | 16.4 | PANSS | DB-RCT | Austria | 0 |
| Bechdolf et al. (46, 75) | IPI [63] NBI [65] |
128 | 12 | 12 | 6, 12, 18, 24 | 63 | 26.0 | PANSS | SB-RCT | Germany | 0 |
| Bechdolf et al. (24) | ARI + NBI [96] NBI [55] CBT-F + NBI [129] |
280 | 6, 12 | 12 | 6, 12 | 66 | 24.4 | SIPS | SB-RCT | Germany | 3.4 |
| Kantrowitz et al. (26) | D-serine + NBI [20] NBI [24] |
44 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 66 | 19.4 | SIPS | DB-RCT | US | 11.4 |
| McGlashan et al. (73) | OLA + NBI [31] NBI [29] |
60 | 12 | 12 | 12, 24 | 65 | 17.7 | SIPS | DB-RCT | US, Canada | 10 |
| McGorry et al. (38) | RIS + CBT-F + NBI [31] NBI [28] |
59 | 6, 12 | 6 | 6, 12, 36–48 | 58 | 20.0 | BPRS | SB-RCT | Australia | 0 |
| McGorry et al. (27) | Omega-3 + NBI [153] NBI [151] |
304 | 6, 12 | 6 | 6, 12 | 46 | 19.2 | BPRS | DB-RCT | Multi-national | 0 |
| Miklowitz et al. (28) | FFT + NBI [66] NBI [63] |
129 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 57 | 17.4 | SIPS | SB-RCT | US, Canada | 20.9 |
| Morrison et al. (43) | CBT-F + NBI [37] NBI [23] |
60 | 12 | 6 | 6, 12, 36 | 69 | 22.0 | PANSS | SB-RCT | UK | 0 |
| Morrison et al. (74) | CBT-F + NBI [144] NBI [144] |
288 | 6, 12 | 6 | 6, 12, 18, 24 | 63 | 20.7 | CAARMS | SB-RCT | UK | 0 |
| Stain et al. (29) | CBT-F + NBI [30] NBI [27] |
57 | 6, 12 | 6 | 6, 12 | 40 | 16.3 | CAARMS | SB-RCT | Australia | 0 |
| Woods et al. (30, 31) | ZIP + NBI [24] NBI [27] |
51 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 64 | 22.3 | SIPS | DB-RCT | US | 0 |
| Yung et al. (76) and McGorry et al. (77) | CBT-F + NBI [44] RIS + CBT-F + NBI [43] NBI [28] |
115 | 6, 12 | 12 | 6, 12 | 39 | 18.1 | BPRS | SB-RCT | Australia | 0 |
CBT-F, cognitive behavioral therapy (French and Morrison protocol); NBI, eeds-based interventions (including placebo); IPI, integrated psychological interventions; ARI, aripiprazole; OLA, olanzapine; RIS, risperidone; FFT, family-focused therapy; ZIP, ziprasidone; SIPS, Structured Interview for Psychosis-risk Syndromes; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; CAARMS, Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States; SB-RCT, single-blind randomized controlled trial; DB-RCT, double-blind randomized controlled trial.