Fig. 3. 39-year-old woman with invasive ductal carcinoma of right breast.

After six cycles of anthracycline/taxane-based NAC, patient underwent breast-conserving surgery. Surgical specimen indicated minor loss of tumor cells (Miller-Payne grade 2).

DCE T1-weighted MR images (A, F) and their corresponding Ktrans maps (B, G) performed before (A, B) and after 2 cycles (F, G) of NAC. K_trans was decreased and K_ep was increased after NAC. Median values of %change were K_trans, −36.8% and K_ep, 19.2%. DCE-US images (B-mode images, C, H; enhanced images, D, I) and their TICs (E, J) performed before (C–E) and after 1 cycle (H–J) of NAC. RT slightly increased from 25.8 to 27.7 seconds (7.5% change).