Figure 3.

Comparison of chest tubes trajectories. (A) The picture shows the trajectories of the chest tube directly introduced through the thoracotomy access or using the dedicated tunnel that we propose. The difference in angle of entry results evident; (B) schematic reproduction of the insertion of the chest tube through the chest wall: on the left side the chest tube directly passed through the thoracotomy; on the right side the dedicated tunnel is used. The tunnel represents a stable fulcrum that avoids untoward angles preventing kinking and misplacements.