Table 2.
Estimated 12-month prevalence for pharmacological neuroenhancement.
| Variable | ‘Yes’ | ‘No’ | a |
 s(%) |
SE (s) |
95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All students (n = 2,275)∗ | 553 | 1,722 | 0.243 | 11.9 | 1.3 | 9.3–14.5 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 310 | 1,029 | 0.232 | 10.2 | 1.7 | 6.8–13.6 |
| Male | 243 | 680 | 0.263 | 14.9 | 2.2 | 10.7–19.2 |
| Age# | ||||||
| ≤21 years | 329 | 1,012 | 0.245 | 12.3 | 1.8 | 8.8–15.7 |
| >21 years | 222 | 698 | 0.241 | 11.7 | 2.1 | 7.5–15.8 |
| Semester | ||||||
| 1st or 2nd (first year) | 295 | 899 | 0.247 | 12.5 | 1.9 | 8.9–16.2 |
| >2nd | 249 | 787 | 0.24 | 11.5 | 2.0 | 7.6–15.4 |
| Health-related risk attitude# | ||||||
| ≤22 | 256 | 908 | 0.22 | 8.5 | 1.8 | 4.9–12.0 |
| >22 | 296 | 810 | 0.268 | 15.6 | 2.0 | 11.7–19.5 |
| Questionnaire version | ||||||
| With caffeine tablets | 298 | 835 | 0.263 | 14.9 | 2.0 | 11.1–18.7 |
| Without caffeine tablets | 255 | 887 | 0.223 | 9.0 | 1.8 | 5.4–12.6 |
∗Of the 2,284 students that filled in the questionnaire, nine students provided invalid results on the RRT question resulting in a total number of 2,275 valid responses. In detail, three students made no cross and six students made two crosses by answering the RRT question but only one cross (‘yes’ OR ‘no’) is allowed. #Dichotomized by median.