Table 3.

Gender differences in characteristics of medical users and non-medical users of any prescription opioids in the past 30 days (n=525)

	Patterns of Opioid Use
	Males			Females
Characteristic	Medical use (n, %) N=75	Non-medical use (n, %) N=192	Chi2 p-value	Medical use (n, %) N=105	Non-medical use (n, %) N=153	Chi2 p-value
Age:
10-13	3 (4.0)	3 (1.6)	0.49*	6 (5.7)	4 (2.6)	0.31*
14-15	16 (21.3)	45 (23.4)		24 (22.9)	43 (28.1)
16-18	56 (74.7)	144 (75.0)		75 (71.4)	106 (69.3)
Living situation:
Live w/both parents	39 (52.0)	85 (44.3)	0.32	65 (61.9)	61 (39.9)	0.0023
Separated parents	29 (38.7)	77 (40.1)		30 (28.6)	68 (44.4)
Not living w/parents	7 (9.3)	30 (15.6)		10 (9.5)	24 (15.7)
School grades:
A-B	45 (60.0)	100 (52.1)	0.12	81 (77.1)	88 (57.5)	0.0047
C-D	22 (29.3)	80 (41.7)		20 (19.1)	56 (36.6)
F-Unknown	8 (10.7)	12 (6.3)		4 (3.8)	9 (5.9)
Employed:
No	46 (63.0)	108 (56.3)	0.39	57 (54.8)	96 (62.8)	0.25
Yes	27 (37.0)	84 (43.8)		47 (45.2)	57 (37.3)
Marijuana use:
Never	22 (29.7)	15 (7.8)	<0.0001	47 (44.8)	27 (17.7)	<0.0001
Ever (not in past 30 days)	15 (20.3)	35 (18.2)		24 (22.9)	25 (16.3)
Recent	37 (50.0)	142 (74.0)		34 (32.4)	101 (66.0)
Tobacco use:
Non-smoker	36 (48.7)	37 (19.3)	<0.0001	62 (59.6)	39 (25.5)	<0.0001
Former smoker	24 (32.4)	53 (27.6)		20 (19.2)	36 (23.6)
Current smoker	14 (18.9)	102 (53.1)		22 (21.2)	78 (51.0)
Alcohol use:
Never	25 33.8)	18 (9.4)	<0.0001	34 (32.4)	11 (7.2)	<0.0001
Ever (not in past 30 days)	12 (16.2)	24 (12.5)		17 (16.2)	19 (12.4)
Recent	37 (50.0)	150 (78.1)		54 (51.3)	123 (80.4)

^*Fishers exact test p-value