Alignment of the last two transmembrane helices of the 100-kDa subunit a. (a) Alignment of a subunit sequences from yeast (Vph1p, Stv1p) and mouse (a1, a2, a3). Identical residues are indicated by shaded boxes. Vph1p residues mutated in this study (Arg-735, Arg-762, and Arg-799) are indicated by arrowheads. (b) The region of the F-ATPase a subunit that includes the functionally important residues Arg-210, Asn-214, and Glu-219 is aligned with the sequence of Vph1p that includes residues Glu-789 and Arg-799. Note that the orientation of the two sequences is reversed.