Table 3.
Comparative training effects on Peak-torques (Nm) of Internal Rotators (IR), External Rotators (ER) and ER/IR ratios (%) of the dominant and non-dominant shoulder at 180o/s.
| Dominant Shoulder – 180o/s | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (mean ± SD) | Changes at 10 Weeks Mean (95% CI) | P | ES | |
|
| ||||
| PT - ER | ||||
|
| ||||
| Water Group | 17.67 ± 4.73 | 1.60 (-.97 to 4.17) | ||
|
|
0.150 | 0.039 | ||
| Land Group | 16.44 ± 4.76 | 4.15 (1.69 to 6.60) * | ||
|
| ||||
| PT - IR | ||||
| Water Group | 23.91 ± 5.41 | 8.59 (3.31 to 13.87)* | ||
|
|
0.023 | 0.147 | ||
| Land Group | 28.12 ± 7.75 | -.018 (-5.05 to 5.02) | ||
|
| ||||
| ER/IR Ratio | ||||
| Water Group | 73.69 ± 5.69 | -8.95 (-18.65 to .75) | ||
|
|
0.007 | 0.222 | ||
| Land Group | 62.00 ± 20.54 | 11.06 (1.84 to 0.28)* | ||
|
| ||||
| Non-Dominant Shoulder – 180o/s | ||||
| Baseline (mean ± SD) | Changes at 10 Weeks Mean (95% CI) | P | ES | |
|
| ||||
| PT - ER | ||||
|
| ||||
| Water Group | 16.84 ± 4.24 | 1.69 (-1.12 to 4.50) | ||
|
|
0.657 | 0.021 | ||
| Land Group | 17.55 ± 5.85 | 2.53 (-.15 to 5.21) | ||
|
| ||||
| PT - IR | ||||
|
| ||||
| Water Group | 21.83 ± 5.47a | 7.45 (2.46 to 12.44)* | ||
|
|
0.036 | 0.167 | ||
| Land Group | 28.40 ± 7.49a | .009 (-4.75 to 4.77) | ||
|
| ||||
| ER/IR Ratio | ||||
|
| ||||
| Water Group | 77.72 ± 8.85a | -10.08 (-22.77 to 2.61) | ||
|
|
0.017 | 0.194 | ||
| Land Group | 62.43 ± 14.73a | 11.86 (-.24 to 23.97) | ||
PT = Peak-Torque; ER = External Rotators; IR = Internal Rotators p values for differences between groups after 10 weeks; ES – Effect size
*
Within-group differences after 10 weeks.
a
p < on baseline outcome between Groups