Fig. 9.

Measurement of bioenergetic profile of intact cells. (A) Seahorse extracellular flux analysis of primary cortical rat neurons exposed for 4 h to increasing concentrations of chloroquine (CQ). Then the mitochondrial stress test was performed by measurements of OCR before and after sequential injections of oligomycin (O), FCCP (F), and antimycin A (A). (B) From panel A, basal, ATP-linked, proton leak, maximal, reserve capacity, and non-mitochondrial linked oxygen consumption rates were calculated. Shown is a representative experiment with data = mean ± SEM, n ≥ 3 independent samples, p < 0.05.