Table 2.
Comparison of ECMO complications between two 9-year groups in this study
| Items | Group 1 (n = 58) | Group 2 (n = 263) | χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mechanical complications | ||||
| Oxygenator failure | 9 (15.5) | 19 (7.2) | 4.11 | 0.043 |
| Clots in other parts | 18 (31.0) | 47 (17.9) | 5.10 | 0.024 |
| Hemorrhagic complications | ||||
| Cannulation site | 12 (20.7) | 56 (21.3) | 0.01 | 0.919 |
| Surgical site | 13 (22.4) | 28 (10.6) | 5.91 | 0.015 |
| Hemolysis (PFH >500 mg/L) | 29 (50.0) | 38 (14.4) | 36.37 | <0.001 |
| DIC | 4 (6.9) | 9 (3.4) | 0.72 | 0.397 |
| Neurological complications | ||||
| Brain death | 4 (6.9) | 12 (4.6) | 0.17 | 0.685 |
| CNS infarction by US/CT | 11 (19.0) | 17 (6.5) | 9.33 | 0.002 |
| CNS hemorrhage by US/CT | 2 (3.4) | 24 (9.1) | 1.37 | 0.243 |
| Renal complications | ||||
| Serum creatinine 15–30 mg/L | 19 (32.8) | 36 (13.7) | 12.17 | <0.001 |
| Dialysis use | 9 (15.5) | 8 (3.0) | 12.36 | <0.001 |
| CAVHD use | 6 (10.3) | 4 (1.5) | 9.51 | 0.002 |
| Cardiac complications | ||||
| Arrhythmia | 2 (3.4) | 35 (13.3) | 4.53 | 0.033 |
| Hypertension requiring vasodilators | 9 (15.5) | 73 (27.8) | 3.74 | 0.053 |
| Other complications | ||||
| Culture proven infection | 23 (39.7) | 44 (16.7) | 15.12 | <0.001 |
| Blood glucose <400 mg/L | 4 (6.9) | 29 (11.0) | 0.88 | 0.349 |
| Blood glucose >2400 mg/L | 26 (44.8) | 67 (25.5) | 8.65 | 0.003 |
| Blood pH <7.2 during ECMO | 14 (24.1) | 38 (14.4) | 3.29 | 0.070 |
| Blood pH >7.6 during ECMO | 4 (6.9) | 25 (9.5) | 0.39 | 0.530 |
Data are presented as n (%). PFH: Plasma free hemoglobin; DIC: Disseminated intravascular coagulation; CNS: Central nervous system; US: Ultrasonography; CT: Computed tomography; CAVHD: Continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis; ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.