Table 1.

Reflective and formative variables

Theoretical concept	Indicator variables	Measurement scale	Dataset
Reflective variables
Assertiveness	Feeling determined during past 30 days	5 point scale	ELSA W6
	Describes self as outgoing	4 point scale	ELSA W6
	Feeling proud during past 30 days	5 point scale	ELSA W6
Self-esteem	Reporting life to be close to ideal	7 point scale	ELSA W6
	Reporting conditions in life to be excellent	7 point scale	ELSA W6
	Reporting satisfaction with life	7 point scale	ELSA W6
	Reporting no regrets in life	7 point scale	ELSA W6
	Reporting that he/she has got the important things in life	7 point scale	ELSA W6
Health care experience	Proportion of people who were not overheard in the surgery, or were, but did not mind	Percent	GPPS
	Proportion of people who reported time given by GP was good or very good	Percent	GPPS
	Proportion of people who reported explanation given by GP was good or very good	Percent	GPPS
	Proportion of people who reported the GP involved them in decisions as good or very good	Percent	GPPS
Formative variable
Transport	How often individual gets lift from friends or family not living with them	6 point scale	ELSA W6
	Road travel time from home to GP practice	Continuous	ELSA W6
	How often public transport is used	6 point scale	ELSA W6

ELSA English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, W6 wave 6, GGPS GP Patient Survey