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. 2018 Jun 12;9:310. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00310

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Copyright © 2018 Mense, Heidekorn-Dettmer, Wirthgen, Brockelmann, Bortfeldt, Peter, Jung, Höflich, Hoeflich and Schmicke.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Western ligand blots with serum samples of not-pregnant and pregnant cows before (−I) and after (+I) incubation (24 h, 39°C) with Insulin-like Growth factor 4 (IGFBP-4) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) spiked to the serum. As positive control serum of a pregnant woman was available for which proteolytic activity IGFBP-4 is clearly proven.