TABLE 1. Adaptation of Haddon's model of 10 countermeasures to reduce or prevent alcohol-related injury, the practical application of the countermeasure, and the associated alcohol policy domain(s) and subdomain(s)^a.

	Haddon countermeasure	Practical application of the countermeasure	Associated alcohol policy domain(s)
1	Prevent injuries related to alcohol	Eliminate alcohol	Physical availability
2	Reduce the amount of alcohol-related injury brought into being	Limit the number of drinks served in public contexts	Physical availability; pricing
3	Prevent release of the alcohol-related injury	Ban alcohol sales at sporting events	Physical availability
4	Modify the rate of the release of the alcohol-related injury from its source	Lower the content of alcohol in beverages	Physical availability; pricing; advertising
5	Separate alcohol-related injury from that which is to be protected by time and space	Place restrictions on the hours of sales of alcohol	Drinking context; server liability; motor vehicles
6	Separate the alcohol-related injury from that which is to be protected by a physical barrier	Implement mandatory passive alcohol sensors in vehicles	Vehicular
7	Modify relevant basic qualities of the alcohol-related injury	Increase the price of higher alcohol content beverages	Physical availability; pricing
8	Make what is to be protected more resistant to damage from alcohol-related injury	Create greater access to 12-step meetings and free assistance	Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT)
9	Begin counter damage done by the alcohol-related injury	Set up SBIRT in primary care settings	Treatment; SBIRT
10	Stabilize, repair, and rehabilitate the object of alcohol-related injury	Provide health care and treatment	Community programs; treatment

Source: Authors adapted data from Runyan (22).

^aHaddon's countermeasures use the generic term “hazard,” which we have replaced with “alcohol-related injury,” in order to emphasize the hazard in question.