TABLE 2. Policy domains in developing the International Alcohol Policy Injury Index (IAPII).
| Domain/Policy topic | Effectiveness ratinga | Level of stringencyb | Level of enforcementc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical availability | ||||
| Legal minimum alcohol purchase age | 3 (high) | 16 17 18 19 ≥ 20 |
Low, low middle, upper middle, high | |
| Government monopoly of retail sales of beer, wine, and spirits | 2 (moderate) | 0 to 3 beverage types | Low, low middle, upper middle, high | |
| Restrictions on density of outlets | 2 (moderate) | None Beer, wine, spirits |
Low, low middle, upper middle, high | |
| Restrictions on hours and days of sale for beer, wine, and spirits | 2 (moderate) | None Hours or days Hours and days |
Low, low middle, upper middle, high | |
| Drinking context | ||||
| Government support for community action programs (earmarked, technical tools, training, and targeted at-risk groups) | 3 (high)d | 0 to 4 types | Low, low middle, upper middle, high | |
| Mandatory server training of bar staff and management to better manage aggression | 3 (high)d | No | Low, low middle, upper middle, high | |
| Yes | ||||
| Alcohol advertising/promotion | ||||
| Restrictions imposed on the majority of advertising media | 3 (high)d | None Voluntary self-regulation Partial statutory Ban |
Low, low middle, upper middle, high | |
| Vehicular | ||||
| Random breath testing conducted | 3 (high) | No | Low, low middle, upper middle, high | |
| Legal blood alcohol concentration limit in drivers | 3 (high) | Yes ≥ .08 .03-.07 0-.02 |
Low, low middle, upper middle, high | |
| Number of mandatory penalties for exceeding legal maximum blood alcohol concentration, incl. fine, penalty points, disqualification/license suspension, incarceration for repeat offenders, other | 2 (moderate) | 0 to 5 penalties | Low, low middle, upper middle, high | |
Source: The authors derived the data in this table from the WHO's Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH) (accessed on 31 May 2016 and archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6HKT0zJGQ).
Policies that were considered to be effective in reducing injury were given a 1 (limited), 2 (moderate), or 3 (high) rating, based on guidelines from prior international alcohol control policy studies and our own empirical results.
Level of stringency was coded following API and/or TEASE-16 conventions.
Four levels of enforcement were considered, based on the gross national income (GNI) in U.S. dollars: low = less than or equal to US$ 1 025; lower middle = US$ 1 026 to 4 035; upper middle = US$ 4 036 to 12 475, and high = greater than or equal to US$ 12 476.
The pricing domain was dropped as a policy domain for the IAPII because it did not correlate with injury death.