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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 19.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Microbiol. 2018 Mar 19;3(5):548–555. doi: 10.1038/s41564-018-0125-7

Fig. 3. A subsequent uninfected blood meal rescues parasites in sand flies fed on Leishmania-infected animals.

Fig. 3

(a to i) Lutzomyia longipalpis and Phlebotomus papatasi were infected by feeding on a sick Leishmania infantum-infected hamster and a L. major-footpad lesion, respectively. (a and b) Number of parasites acquired by a single Lu. longipalpis (a) or P. papatasi (b). Q2 = median. (c to h) Parasite number (c and d) and percent (e and f) and number (g and h) of metacyclics in L. infantum-infected Lu. longipalpis (c, e and g) or L. major-infected P. papatasi (d, f and h) sand flies. (i) Developing lesions in mice ears exposed to a single L. major-infected P. papatasi sand fly. E1, sand flies engorged on an infected blood meal (BM). E2, infected sand flies engorged on a subsequent uninfected BM. Red arrow, subsequent BM. Bar, Median. Cumulative data shown from three independent experiments; (a to h) n for each condition is specified in Supplementary Table 3; (i) n= 48 for E1 and E2. **P≤0.01 and ****P<0.0001 determined by Mann-Whitney’s U-test for parasite number, by N1-Chi-squared test for percent metacyclics and by log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test for percent ears with lesions.