Scheme 1. (a) Scheme outlining the studied charged species of [n]CPPs (n = m + 5, m = 0–7). (b) Top view of the 2p_z orbital orientation for cyclic conjugation in small charged [n]CPPs. (c) Top view of the symmetry breaking in large [n]CPP²⁺ after biradical formation. Red: radical cations, blue: dications.