Table 3.

Effect of Pre-existing Self-reported Cognitive Biases, on Paranoid Ideations Reported in Virtual Social Stress Environments

Paranoia SSPS	Coefficienta	Standard error	Z	P	95% Confidence Interval
Type of bias
Data-gathering bias	.183	.089	2.07	.039	.00948	.35649
Belief inflexibility bias	.288	.101	2.83	.005	.08888	.48726
Attention to threat bias	.262	.077	3.40	.001	.11113	.41379
External attribution bias	.253	.097	2.60	.009	.06247	.44400
Cumulative number of biasesb
One	.074	1.57	.05	.962	−3.0090	3.1579
Two	3.056	1.56	1.96	.050	−.00493	6.1162
Three	5.995	1.77	3.39	.001	2.5256	9.4636
Four	5.828	1.81	3.22	.001	2.2843	9.3714

Note. SSPS, Social State Paranoia Scale. Bold values are significant at <.05.

^a B coefficient in multilevel random regression analysis (cognitive bias). Analyses were adjusted for sex, education, age, and psychosis liability.

^bCalculated using dichotomous measures of the separate biases, based on general population norm scores, no cognitive biases as reference category.