Table 2.
Adjusted Prevalence Estimatesa for Glycemic Control, BP Control, Cholesterol Control, ABC Control, ABC + Nonsmoking, and Viral Suppression, by Year of Analysis
| Adjusted Prevalence Estimatesa,b (95% CI) | P Values | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 2006 | 2015 | Difference Between Years | Difference in Trend | Difference in Trend Between HIV- Positive and -Negativec | ||
| Glycemic controld | HIV-positive | 0.53 (0.33–0.73) | 0.68 (0.54–0.79) | 0.69 (0.58–0.78) | .167 | .139 | .448 |
| HIV-negative | 0.34 (0.16–0.59) | 0.56 (0.40–0.70) | 0.66 (0.54–0.77) | .084 | .033 | ||
| BP controle | HIV-positive | 0.73 (0.58–0.84) | 0.82 (0.74–0.89) | 0.85 (0.77–0.90) | .151 | .077 | .238 |
| HIV-negative | 0.70 (0.51–0.84) | 0.64 (0.50–0.76) | 0.78 (0.68–0.86) | .110 | .348 | ||
| Cholesterol controlf | HIV-positive | 0.34 (0.19–0.54) | 0.45 (0.32–0.58) | 0.51 (0.40–0.62) | .229 | .092 | .271 |
| HIV-negative | 0.42 (0.24–0.63) | 0.48 (0.33–0.64) | 0.44 (0.32–0.56) | .749 | .915 | ||
| ABC controlg | HIV-positive | 0.21 (0.10–0.40) | 0.21 (0.13–0.34) | 0.27 (0.17–0.39) | .656 | .507 | .760 |
| HIV-negative | 0.16 (0.06–0.38) | 0.16 (0.08–0.29) | 0.16 (0.09–0.26) | .993 | .993 | ||
| ABC + nonsmoking | HIV-positive | 0.06 (0.02–0.22) | 0.11 (0.05–0.23) | 0.12 (0.07–0.22) | .516 | .287 | .189 |
| HIV-negative | 0.13 (0.03–0.40) | 0.06 (0.02–0.17) | 0.06 (0.02–0.12) | .431 | .250 | ||
| Viral suppressionh | HIV-positive | 0.50 (0.29–0.71) | 0.60 (0.41–0.77) | 0.79 (0.65–0.89) | .002 | <.001 | |
Abbreviations: ABC, A1c, BP, and cholesterol; BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval.
aRepeated-measures adjusted prevalence estimates were performed for each step of the care continuum across the 3 time points. Repeated measures were used because the same woman could contribute data to multiple time points.
bAdjusted for study site, study year, age, race, education, income, insurance, diabetes duration, HIV status, and study year*HIV status interaction.
cNo statistically significant difference between HIV-positive and -negative outcomes in any of the years.
dGlycemic control was also adjusted for use of diabetes medications.
eBP control was also adjusted for use of antihypertensive medications.
fCholesterol control was also adjusted for cholesterol medications.
gCombined control of hemoglobin A1c level, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
hViral suppression was also adjusted for use of antiretroviral therapy.