Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of the 3 Study Groups
| Schizophrenia (SZ) | Mood Disorders (MD) | Healthy Controls (HC) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total number | 163 | 63a | 63 |
| Male/female# | 93/70 | 34/29 | 10/53 |
| Age (year, mean ± SEM) | 37.02 ± 0.995 | 37.97 ± 1.752 | 34.84 ± 1.503 |
| Weight (kg, mean ± SEM)* | 66.80 ± 1.000 | 69.87 ± 1.470 | 59.57 ± 1.256 |
| Height (m, mean ± SEM)* | 1.65 ± 0.007 | 1.65 ± 0.009 | 1.62 ± 0.007 |
| BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SEM)* | 24.39 ± 0.344 | 25.72 ± 0.537 | 22.60 ± 0.448 |
| AUDIT-C score (alcohol-dependence) | 0.82 ± 0.145 | 0.90 ± 0.232 | 0.27 ± 0.091 |
| FTND score (nicotine-dependence)* | 0.42 ± 0.087 | 0.63 ± 0.174 | <0.01 ± <0.001 |
| Education levelb,* | 2.09 ± 0.075 | 2.16 ± 0.108 | 3.20 ± 0.169 |
| Temperature (°C, mean ± SEM) | 36.54 ± 0.026 | 36.48 ± 0.026 | — |
| Heart rate (beats/min, mean ± SEM) | 84.54 ± 0.761 | 85.16 ± 1.105 | — |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min, mean ± SEM) | 19.71 ± 0.053 | 19.74 ± 0.069 | — |
| Systolic pressure (mmHg, mean ± SEM) | 120.68 ± 0.913 | 118.82 ± 1.346 | — |
| Diastolic pressure (mmHg, mean ± SEM) | 78.10 ± 0.639 | 78.73 ± 1.060 | — |
| Disease duration (year, mean ± SEM) | 10.76 ± 0.716 | 10.62 ± 1.227 | — |
| Number of hospitalizations (n, mean ± SEM) | 3.59 ± 0.385 | 4.07 ± 0.776 | — |
| Atypical antipsychotics used [n (%)] | 159 (97.5%) | 59 (93.7%) | — |
aFive patients with depression, 32 with bipolar disease, 23 with mania, and 3 without subclassified data.
b0 for illiteracy, 1 for elementary school, 2 for junior high school, 3 for senior high school, and 4 for college or university.
# P < 0.05 when comparing the 3 groups by the chi-square test.
*P < 0.05 when comparing the 3 groups by one-way ANOVA.