Fig. 5.

ALDH knockdown mimics drug treatment. (A, B) Forty-eight hours after transfection with siALDH1L1, ATP levels (A) and cell viability (B) were measured in the presence or absence of 10 mM malate, added 24 h after siRNA transfection (means ± SD; ***P < 0.001; 2-tailed Student’s t-test). (C) Levels of proteins related to stemness, mesenchymal transition, and invasion were measured by western blot. C indicates control group; S indicates siALDH1L1 group. (D) The entire GBM datasets from GEO and TCGA were divided into 2 groups according to the expression level of ALDH1L1. The grouped dataset was subjected to Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to compare overall survival (P < 0.001 for GEO and P < 0.01 for TCGA; log-rank test). (E) Scatterplot shows the correlation between overall survival of GBM patients and their expression level of ALDH1L1. The Pearson correlation was statistically significant (P < 0.001, R = −0.32 for GEO and P < 0.001, R = −0.23 for TCGA); the linear regression line is shown.