Table 1.
Characteristics of 29 included studies
| Author (year) | No. of patients with 2nd CAC | Follow-up (months) | CAC score at baseline (Agatston units) | CAC score at follow-up (Agatston units) | Age (years) | Male (%) | Diabetes (%) | Cardiovascular disease (%) | Dialysis vintage (months) | Phosphate (mmol/L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haemodialysis | ||||||||||
| Ok (2016) [17] | 224 | 24 | 97 (IQR 0–521) | 166 (IQR 5–800) | 60 ± 14 | 56 | 26 | 22 | 51 ± 42 | 1.41 ± 0.32 |
| Barros (2016) [18] | 37 | 23.9 ± 4.7 | 267 (IQR 15–1206) | 477 (IQR 33–1524) | 60 ± 15 | 46 | 30 | 32a | 45 (IQR 21–80) | 1.85 ± 0.55 |
| Wang (2015) [19] | 42 | 48 | 259 (IQR 48–1350) | 545 (IQR 110–1761) | 64 ± 14 | 50 | 27 | 38 | 63 ± 11 | 1.53 ± 0.39 |
| Malluche (2015) [20] | 122 | 12 | 353 (IQR 20–1186) | 552 (IQR 57–1608) | 53 ± 13 | 61 | 43 | 23a | 40 (IQR 3–292) | 1.84 ± 0.52 |
| Ozkok (2013) [21] | 74 | 12 | 52 (IQR 1–767) | 120 (IQR 1–796) | 52 ± 14 | 49 | − | − | 54 (IQR 23– 96) | 1.78 ± 0.49 |
| Ohtake (2013) [22] | 52 | 6 | 1020 (range 12–8462) | 1246 (range 24–7887) | 68 ± 6 | 60 | 43 | 26 | 124 ± 48 | 1.74 ± 0.48 |
| Di Iorio (2011) [10] | 132 | 12 | 290 (IQR 10–986) | 322 (IQR 20–1019) | 65 ± 17 | 64 | 24 | 34 | <4 | 1.58 ± 0.48 |
| Kakuta (2011) [23] | 163 | 12 | 875 ± 1262 | 1014 ± 1409 | 58 ± 12 | 54 | 21 | 7 | 112 ± 88 | 1.84 ± 0.22 |
| Kurnatowska (2011) [24] | 33 | 30 | 1037 ± 1571 | 1571 ± 1705 | 54 ± 9 | − | − | 0 | 51 ± 11 | 1.84 ± 0.50 |
| Raggi (2011) [35] | 235 | 12 | 695 (p10/p90 98–1959) [n = 115] | − | 62 ±13 | 58 | 43 | 28a | 38 (p10/p90 9–105) | 1.87 ± 0.58 |
| 590 (p10/p90 71–2583) [n = 120] | ||||||||||
| Cejka (2010) [25] | 7 | 6 | 361 (range 0–5197) | 543 (range 17–5254) | 61 ± 5 | 43 | − | − | 48 ± 10 | 1.78 ± 0.24 |
| Coen (2010) [26] | 81 | 12b | 481 (1783)c | 528 (12 406)b,c | 59 ± 11 | 67 | 10 | − | 45 (100)c | 1.74 ± 0.45 |
| Adirekkiat (2010) [27] | 32 | 8.4 ±1.4 | 1008 (IQR 537–1723) | 1075 (IQR 606–1955) | 60 ± 13 | 60 | 54 | 38a | 46 ± 31 | 1.60 ± 0.39 |
| Caro (2010) [28] | 33 | 12 | 1913 | 2235 | 68 ± 11 | 73 | 30 | 42a | 43 ± 37 | − |
| Lee (2010a) [29] | 18 | 12 | 110 (433)c | 175 (543)c | 57 (17)c | 61 | 22 | − | 48 (range 12–300) | 1.94 ± 0.10 |
| Mazzaferro (2009) [30] | 30 | 24 ± 3 | 239 (IQR 8–1109) | 318 (IQR 128–1648) | 51 ± 14 | 67 | 13 | 13 | 68 ± 65 | 1.78 ± 0.61 |
| Barreto (2008) [32] | 71 | 12 | 123 (IQR 0–823) | 175 (IQR 0–994) | 47 ± 13 | 68 | 14 | − | 37 ± 25 | 2.30 ± 0.61 |
| Jung (2006) [31] | 40 | 21.6 ±4.5 | 191 (range 0–2403)d | 253 (range 0 –2745)d | 56 ± 12 | 65 | 43 | 33 | 27 (range 1–111) | 1.64 ± 0.25 |
| Moe (2004)[33] | 17 | 13.2 ±1.0 | 22 (range 0–391)d | 154 (range 0–555)d | 51 ± 8 | − | 12 | − | 80 ± 77 | 1.87 ± 0.36 |
| Nitta (2004) [34] | 56 | 12 | 1409 (range 168–8768)d [n = 35] | 1333 (range 213–7348)d [n = 35] | 62 ± 8 | 80 | 17 | − | 88 ± 69 | 1.80 ± 0.27 |
| 1303 (range 231–3133)d [n = 21] | 1462 (range 220–3450)d [n = 21] | |||||||||
| Kidney transplantation | ||||||||||
| Yazbek (2016) [36] | 100 | 12 | 0 (IQR 0–71) | 0 (IQR 0–94) | 41 ± 10 | 56 | 7 | 0 | 28 (IQR 14–66) [n = 51] 18 (IQR 9–38) [n = 49] | 0.87 ± 0.25 |
| Seyahi (2012) [37] | 150 | 33.7 ± 4.7 | 0 (IQR 0–15) | 3 (IQR 0–46) | 39 ± 11 | 67 | 5 | 0 | 16 (range 0–114) | 1.04 ± 0.16 |
| Maréchal (2012) [38] | 197 | 52.8 ± 3.4 | 110 (IQR 1–582) | 202 (IQR 8–936) | 52 ± 12 | 57 | 13 | 25 | 24 ± 24 | 1.00 ± 0.30 |
| Bargnoux (2009) [39] | 76 | 12 | 54 (range 0–4897) | 84 (range 0–4192) | 51 (range 22–66) | 62 | 7 | 27 | 35 (range 1–267) | 1.45 (range 0.77–2.79) |
| Abedi (2009) [40] | 31 | 6 | 40 ± 63 | 24 ± 40 | 38 ± 14 | 55 | − | − | 20 ± 16 | − |
| Mazzaferro (2009) [30] | 41 | 25 ± 4 | 5 (IQR 0–300) | 12 (IQR 0 – 668) | 48 ±13 | 61 | 10 | 10 | 58± 52 | 1.07 ± 0.29 |
| Oschatz (2006)[41] | 31 | 12 | 250 (range 0–3152) | 366 (range 0–4460) | 52 ±12 | 78 | 15 | 29a | 38 ± 33 | 1.04 ± 0.21 |
| Moe (2004) [33] | 23 | 15 ± 1.9 | 19 (range 0–1764)d | 44 (range 0–2801)d | − | − | − | − | − | − |
| Peritoneal dialysis | ||||||||||
| Lee (2010) [29] | 15 | 12 | 3 (824)c | 76 (1386)c | 53 (6)c | 40 | 33 | − | 24 (range 5–96) | 1.94 ± 0.32 |
| Ammirati (2007) [42] | 30 | 12 | 8 (IQR 0–136) | 20 (IQR 0–263) | 52 (range 20–70) | 45 | 35 | 29a | 24 (range 3–120) | 1.55 (range 0.87–2.87) |
| Stompór (2004) [43] | 47 | 12 | 23 (range 0–5503) | 84 (range 0–5001) | 53 ±13 | 53 | − | − | 18 (range 1–96) | 1.74 ± 0.52 |
| Nocturnal haemodialysis | ||||||||||
| Yuen (2006) [44] | 38 | 12b | 0 (IQR 0–221) | 3 (IQR 0–336)b | 43 ± 2 | 55 | 18 | − | 45 ± 10 | 1.56 ± 0.08 |
Data are reported as mean ± SD, median (IQR) or median (range). Mean CAC scores are printed in italics to indicate the defective interpretability of this summary measure.
a
Coronary artery disease was reported instead of cardiovascular disease.
b
1-year standardized CAC score was reported.
c
Distance between 25th and 75th percentiles.
d
Volume scores (mm3) instead of Agatston units.