Fig 6. Association between the age-standardized district-level mean 10-year cardiovascular disease risk and urbanization.

Mean 10-year risk of a cardiovascular disease (CVD) event was calculated using the Framingham risk score. Urbanization refers to the district-level percentage of adults aged 30 to 74 years in our sample who were living in an urban area. Age standardization was to the Global Burden of Disease project’s 2013 population structure for India [36]. The sample in each district was restricted to those aged 30 to 74 years. States and districts were divided into regions as per their allocation to Zonal Councils by the Government of India [39]. The grey line was fitted using ordinary least squares regression (with each data point in the plot having the same weight).