Table 2.
Vascular permeability and hydraulic conductivity of ECM measured in vivo and in vitro. Vascular permeability (or permeability coefficient across an endothelium layer), P, is the ratio of solute flux and solute concentration gradient across the endothelium layer 169. Hydraulic conductivity, K′ is the ratio of fluid flux and pressure gradient as defined in Darcy’s law. Specific hydraulic conductivity (K) is K′η, where η is the fluid viscosity.
| In vivo | In vitro modeling | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Heathy tissue | Tumor | ||
| Permeability across blood and lymphatic endothelium [cm/s] |
Capillaries and postcapillary venules
105: (for dextran MW=150,000) 7.26±3.29 × 10−8 Postcapillary venules 160: (for sodium fluorescein) 1.4±0.11 × 10−5 (for α-Lactalbumin) 4.4±0.5 × 10−7 (for BSA) 4.9±0.32 × 10−8 Postcapillary venules 161: (for 4kDa dextran) 9.2±4.6 × 10−7 (for 10kDa dextran) 3.1±1.3 × 10−7 (for 20kDa dextran) 2.4±1.0 × 10−7 (for 40kDa dextran) 1.9±1.1 × 10−7 (for 70kDa dextran) 1.5±0.5 × 10−7 Venules 162: (for RSA) 3.5±1.0 × 10−7 Collecting lymphatic vessels 162: (for RSA) 4.0±1.0 × 10−7 |
Capillaries and postcapillary venules in VX2 carcinoma
105: (for dextran MW=150,000) 5.7±3.9 × 10−7 Microvascular in adenocarcinoma 163: (for BSA) 6.06±4.30 × 10−7 Arterioles and venules in mammary adenocarcinoma 156: (for BSA) 1.7±0.6 × 10−7 2.9±1.5 × 10−7 1.9±0.5 × 10−7 Arterioles and venules in glioblastoma 156: (for BSA) 3.8±1.2 × 10−7 1.1±0.5× 10−8 Vasculature in squamous carcinoma 164: (for 3.3kDa dextran) 1.54× 10−5 (for 40kDa dextran) 9.5×10−7 (for 2MDa dextran) 1.7× 10−7 (for BSA) 4.9×10−7 |
In transwell: EC monolayer 165: (for Albumin) 5.6 × 10−6 In microfluidics: Hollow EC lumen with tumor cells 110: (for 10kDa) 4.08±1.11 × 10−5 (for 70kDa) 7.5±0.93 × 10−6 Single blood EC tube 87, 91 (for BSA) 5.5±3.5 × 10−6 7.9±3.5 × 10−6 (for 70kDa dextran) 4.1±0.5 × 10−6 (for 332Da fluorescein) 7.0±1.5 × 10−6 Self-assembled blood vessels 101, 107: (for 70kDa dextran) 8.9±3.1 × 10−7 (for 70kDa dextran) 4.5 × 10−7 (for 150kDa dextran) 1.2 × 10−7 |
| Hydraulic conductivity of ECM |
Hydraulic conductivity (K′) [cm2/mmHg · s] (From references 166 and 167) |
Specific hydraulic conductivity (K) [cm2] | |
|
Abdominal muscle: 1.5×10−7 to 7.8×10−7 Dermis: 5.3×10−8 Tail skin: 7×10−7 to 1.5×10−6 |
HSTS 26T sarcoma: 9×10−8 U87 glioblastoma: 6.5×10−7 LS174T carcinoma: 4.5×10−7 MCaIV carcinoma: 2.5×10−6 |
Type I collagen matrices
143: 3mg/mL: 3 × 10−7 8mg/mL: 3.5 × 10−8 10mg/mL: 7.5 × 10−9 15mg/mL: 9 × 10−10 20mg/mL: 1.5 ×10−10 Type I collagen matrices 168: 10mg/mL: 1 × 10−11 |
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