Effects of DEPs on FITC-Dextran permeability in HBMVEC cells. HBMVEC cells were seeded onto a collagen-coated insert with a pore size of 0.4 µm at a density of 15×103 cells/well and allowed to grow until a monolayer was formed. The cell monolayer was then treated with various concentrations of DEPs (10 µg/ml, 25 µg/ml, and 50 µg/ml) for 24 h. Fluorescence was read with a 485 nm and 530 nm filter set. Values represent mean±SD. All experiments were performed in triplicates, and the values reported are mean ± SD. (a: different from control group, b: different from 10 µg/ml [DEP] group, and c: different from 25 µg/ml [DEP] group, p<0.05).