Table 2. Characteristics of participants according to metabolic syndrome status (n = 98042).
| Variables | Normal | Metabolic syndrome | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 67451 (75.80) | 30591 (24.20) | |
| Men, n (%) | 29665 (49.82) | 12371 (50.99) | 0.15 |
| Age (years) | 49.99 ± 14.76 | 56.45 ± 12.50 | < 0.001 |
| Area, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Urban | 31307 (48.30) | 17343 (55.80) | |
| Rural | 36144 (51.70) | 13248 (44.20) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Current smoker | 17820 (28.85) | 6701 (27.45) | |
| Former smoker | 2346 (2.67) | 1561 (3.90) | |
| Never smoker | 47285 (68.48) | 22329 (68.65) | |
| Drinking, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Never drinker | 45696 (64.88) | 21898 (65.80) | |
| Moderate alcohol drinker | 15784 (26.15) | 6240 (23.80) | |
| Excessive alcohol drinker | 5971 (8.97) | 2453 (10.40) | |
| Physical activity level, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Low | 15956 (27.54) | 8511 (28.96) | |
| Moderate | 15572 (21.69) | 8492 (24.64) | |
| High | 16518 (26.04) | 7915 (26.67) | |
| Very high | 19405 (24.74) | 5673 (19.73) | |
| Region | < 0.001 | ||
| North | 9638 (67.10) | 6310 (32.90) | |
| East | 5581 (71.09) | 3200 (28.91) | |
| South-Central | 18432 (75.53) | 8264 (24.47) | |
| North-West | 15434 (76.93) | 6774 (23.07) | |
| South-West | 10605 (82.47) | 3043 (17.53) | |
| North-East | 7761 (81.93) | 3000 (18.07) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.55 (20.66, 24.57) | 26.30 (24.24, 30.59) | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 77.99 ± 8.62 | 89.70 ± 9.01 | < 0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.96 (0.70, 1.31) | 1.89 (1.31, 2.62) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.28 ± 0.32 | 0.99 ± 0.25 | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120.60 ± 19.15 | 136.22 ± 20.37 | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.26 ± 10.93 | 84.13 ± 11.72 | < 0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.03 (4.62, 5.43) | 5.70 (5.12, 6.33) | < 0.001 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 3241 (5.15) | 8966 (33.61) | < 0.001 |
| Abdominal obesity, n (%) | 8631 (12.41) | 21391 (72.01) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 2914 (2.88) | 7246 (18.69) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 13894 (13.99) | 18392 (52.16) | < 0.001 |
Data are mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed or medians (interquartile ranges) for skewed parameters, or number (%).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.