Table 3. The metabolic syndrome prevalence and its risk factors in total sample (n = 98042).
| N | Prevalence | OR (95% CI) | P-value | P-interaction a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | < 0.001 | ||||
| 18–44 | 30887 | 16.03 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| 45–54 | 23264 | 32.12 | 2.27 (2.08–2.47) | < 0.001 | |
| 55–64 | 25046 | 36.97 | 3.16 (2.88–3.48) | < 0.001 | |
| ≥ 65 | 18845 | 37.81 | 4.02 (3.60–4.48) | < 0.001 | |
| P-trend | < 0.001 | ||||
| Area | < 0.001 | ||||
| Urban | 48650 | 26.95 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Rural | 49392 | 21.45 | 0.92 (0.82–1.04) | 0.19 | |
| Education | < 0.001 | ||||
| Uneducated | 12685 | 31.42 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Primary school | 29353 | 26.27 | 0.91 (0.83–1.01) | 0.07 | |
| Junior school | 34166 | 23.00 | 0.89 (0.79–0.99) | 0.03 | |
| High school | 14928 | 22.55 | 0.76 (0.68–0.86) | < 0.001 | |
| College and above | 6910 | 20.23 | 0.78 (0.64–0.94) | 0.01 | |
| P-trend | 0.07 | ||||
| Income, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 10000 | 51027 | 23.31 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| 10000–30000 | 40097 | 25.17 | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) | 0.07 | |
| > 30000 | 6918 | 25.53 | 1.19 (1.05–1.35) | 0.007 | |
| P-trend | 0.005 | ||||
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.05 | ||||
| Never smoker | 24521 | 24.25 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Current smoker | 3907 | 23.30 | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) | 0.59 | |
| Former smoker | 69614 | 31.82 | 1.04 (0.92–1.18) | 0.49 | |
| Drinking, n (%) | 0.01 | ||||
| Never drinker | 67594 | 24.46 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Moderate alcohol drinker | 22024 | 22.52 | 0.96 (0.89–1.04) | 0.29 | |
| Excessive alcohol drinker | 8424 | 27.01 | 0.99 (0.90–1.10) | 0.85 | |
| Physical activity, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Low | 24467 | 25.14 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Moderate | 24064 | 26.62 | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) | 0.89 | |
| High | 24433 | 24.65 | 0.90 (0.83–0.98) | 0.02 | |
| Very high | 25078 | 20.30 | 0.79 (0.72–0.86) | < 0.001 | |
| P-trend | < 0.001 | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Normal | 53119 | 8.31 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Overweight | 32716 | 37.45 | 6.40 (5.90–6.94) | < 0.001 | |
| Obesity | 12207 | 67.57 | 25.04 (22.27–28.15) | < 0.001 | |
| P-trend | < 0.001 | ||||
| Region | 0.24 | ||||
| North | 15948 | 32.90 | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| East | 8781 | 28.91 | 0.76 (0.55–1.06) | 0.11 | |
| South-Central | 26696 | 24.47 | 0.73 (0.61–0.87) | < 0.001 | |
| North-West | 22208 | 23.07 | 0.89 (0.74–1.08) | 0.23 | |
| South-West | 13648 | 17.53 | 0.61 (0.51–0.72) | < 0.001 | |
| North-East | 10761 | 18.07 | 0.77 (0.64–0.92) | 0.005 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; OR, odd ratio; CI, confidence interval.
a: Interactions between sex and stratified factors. Adjusted for gender, age, area, education level, Household income, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity level, BMI, and region.