Table 5. Mean cognitive load indicators in Experiment 1.

	Subtitle speed
	12	16	20	df	F	p	${\mathit{\eta }}_{\mathit{p}}^{\mathbf{2}}$
	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)
Difficulty				2,140	4.329	.015*	.058
English	2.41 (1.44)	2.85 (1.43)	2.81 (1.77)
Polish	1.52 (1.16)	2.24 (1.60)	2.14 (1.42)
Spanish	1.64 (1.25)	2.20 (1.55)	2.12 (1.42)
Effort				2,140	3.484	.033*	.047
English	3.33 (1.68)	3.63 (1.73)	3.56 (2.15)
Polish	1.90 (1.22)	2.10 (1.30)	2.33 (1.31)
Spanish	1.56 (.71)	2.28 (1.64)	2.44 (1.38)
Frustration				2,140	1.811	.167	.025
English	2.59 (1.52)	2.59 (1.44)	2.70 (1.61)
Polish	1.57 (1.20)	1.48 (.92)	2.00 (1.34)
Spanish	1.52 (1.26)	2.24 (1.71)	2.08 (1.22)

Note. Effort is reported with Greenhouse-Geisser correction as sphericity assumption was violated (Maunchly’s Test of Sphericity, p = .003).