Table 1. Demographic and etiologic characteristics of study subjects.

Variable	Screening stage		Validation stage		Validation stage
	Controls	LCs	Controls	LCs	Controls	LCs	OR (95% CI/Ptrend)a
Total	100	100	751	284	851	384
Age (yrs)
≤ 49	54	54	402	150	456	204	Reference
> 49	46	46	349	134	395	180	1.07 (0.83–1.40/0.59)
Gender
Male	76	76	568	213	644	289	Reference
Female	24	24	183	71	207	95	1.32 (0.90–1.93/0.16)
Ethnicity
Han	51	51	377	142	428	193	Reference
Zhuang	49	49	374	142	423	191	0.99 (0.77–1.29/0.98)
Smoking status
No	52	52	390	132	442	184	Reference
Yes	48	48	361	152	409	200	1.34 (0.76–2.38/0.31)
Drinking status
No	49	49	364	129	413	178	Reference
Yes	51	51	387	155	438	206	1.10 (0.81–1.44/0.75)
HBsAg
Negative	62	62	462	168	524	230	Reference
Positive	38	38	289	116	327	154	1.08 (0.81–1.44/0.61)
Anti-HCV
Negative	90	90	673	248	763	338	Reference
Positive	10	10	78	36	88	46	1.11 (0.71–1.74/0.64)
AFB1 exposureb
Low	65	27	478	77	543	104	Reference
Medium	25	38	189	107	214	145	3.59 (2.65–4.84/8.54 × 10-17)
High	10	35	84	100	94	135	7.74 (5.51–10.87/4.46 × 10-32)

^aOR conditional on matched set.

^bThe mean ± S.D. level of AFB1-album adducts is 1.48 ± 0.32 ln fmol/mg for controls and 2.40 ± 0.91 ln fmol/mg for cases with LC, respectively.