Table 1.

Aberrant fibrin turnover, fibrinolysis, and pleural organization: overviews of discovery, translational, and clinical literature

	Contribution
Dvorak (15)	Seminal overview of foundational work describing the role of aberrant fibrin turnover in the pathogenesis of tissue organization after injury and scarification in the context of tissue injury and neoplasia.
Lee et al. (54)	Recent review of basic and translational progress in the field of infectious pleural injury, including IPFT.
Rahman et al. (73)	Key study that showed that a fibrinolysin alone (tissue plasminogen activator) was ineffective in improving clinical outcomes of patients with pleural infection, while tPA in combination with DNase was effective and provides a good overview of the use of combination IPFT. The key MIST1 trial (58) likewise showed that streptokinase alone was ineffective.
Komissarov et al. (45)	A translational study using larger animal models that contains an in depth overview of the processing of intrapleurally administered fibrinolysins in the setting of empyema.
Tucker and Idell (91)	Provides an overview of the role of the fibrinolytic system in the pathogenesis of both lung and pleural disease and an overview of clinical studies, some reporting the efficacy of fibrinolysins alone in IPFT, all as of 4 yr ago.

IPFT, intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy; MIST-1, Multicenter Intrapleural Sepsis Trial-1.