Fig. 5.

In silico action potential (AP) biomarkers at 0.25, 1, and 3 Hz (A), full AP traces (B), and ionic current densities (C) of transient outward K⁺ current (I_to), atrial-specific ultrarapid K⁺ current (I_Kur), inward rectifier K⁺ current (I_K1), and L-type Ca²⁺ current (I_CaL) (with peaks at 10 and 20 mV) in the Maleckar-based population of n = 754 models following calibration with AP biomarker data compared with ex vivo measurements. The in silico population was generated with sequential Monte Carlo. In silico accepted models, i.e., those models that fulfill experimental AP calibration constraints, are plotted in gray dots, whereas ex vivo data are shown as crosses.