Further calibration with ionic currents active during repolarization constrains current density but not cellular phenotypic variability in action potential (AP). A and B: pairwise scatterplots of maximal conductances (A) and AP biomarkers (B) in the populations calibrated with AP, AP + L-type Ca2+ current (ICaL), and AP + ICaL + inward rectifier K+ current (IK1) ex vivo data in the Grandi-based in silico population, plotted in light gray, dark gray, and black, respectively. C and D: AP traces (C) and ionic current densities (D) in the Maleckar-based population of n = 228 models calibrated with AP and voltage-clamp recordings, shown in dark gray, compared with ex vivo data in light gray.