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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Control Release. 2018 Mar 6;282:13–24. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.02.042

Table 1.

Examples of endothelial determinants for targeting nanocarriers to the pulmonary vasculature

Endothelial determinant Vascular location Regulation
PECAM-1 (CD31) Throughout vasculature. Stably expressed
ICAM-1 (CD54) Throughout vasculature. Increased expression during inflammation.
VCAM-1 (CD106) Expressed in inflamed vascular endothelium Increased expression during inflammation.
E-selectin (CD62E) Expressed in inflamed vascular endothelium Increased expression during inflammation.
P-selectin (CD62P) Expressed in inflamed vascular endothelium Activation by agonists can results in rapid transport to cell surface.
APP Differentially expressed in vasculature. Increased expression in pulmonary vascular endothelium. Also expressed in heart, liver, and kidney. Not known.
PV1 (PLVAP) Expression in majority of tissues. Increased expression by VEGF in vitro.
ACE (CD143) Throughout vasculature. Increased in the lung capillaries. ACE activity enhanced by chloride.
TM (CD141) Throughout vasculature. Endothelial specific. Downregulated by factors such as TNF, oxidative stress, hypoxia, C-reactive protein, cAMP, phorbolesters, and oxidized LDL. Upregulated by thrombin, retinoic acid, VEGF, and heat shock.

Abbreviations: PECAM-1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule; APP, aminopeptidase P; PV1, Plasmalemmal vesicle associated protein; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; TM, thrombomodulin.