Table 3.

Confirmatory factor analyses of the structure of common and uncommon mental disorders

Included disorders	Sample (#countries)	Factor model		Fit indices
			#FP	CFI	RMSEA (90% CI)
MDE, Dysthymia, Panic disorder, PTSD, Social phobia, Specific phobia, Agoraphobia, GAD, ADHD, ODD, Conduct disorder, Substance abusee	15,499 (10)	2-factor modelc	25	0.968	0.024 (0.022–0.026)
		Higher-order modeld with fear and distress subfactors	27	0.985	0.017 (0.015–0.019)
MDE, Dysthymia, Panic disorder, PTSD, Social phobia, Specific phobia, Agoraphobia, GAD, ADHD, ODD, Conduct disorder, Substance abusee +IED	12,162 (7)	2-factor modelc	27	0.971	0.022 (0.020–0.024)
		Higher-order modeld with fear and distress subfactors and IED loading on the externalizing factor	29	0.983	0.017 (0.015–0.019)
MDE, Dysthymia, Panic disorder, PTSD, Social phobia, Specific phobia, Agoraphobia, GAD, ADHD, ODD, Conduct disorder, Substance abusee +Bipolar disorders	15,499 (10)	Higher-order modeld with bipolar disorder loading directly on the second-order internalizing factor.	28	0.983	0.017 (0.015–0.018)
		Higher-orderd with bipolar disorder loading directly on the externalizing factor.	28	0.974	0.021 (0.019–0.022)
		Higher-orderd model with bipolar disorder loading on the fear subfactor	29	0.979	0.019 (0.017–0.020)
		Higher-orderd model with bipolar disorder loading on the distress subfactor	29	0.977	0.020 (0.018–0.021)
		Higher-orderd model with bipolar disorder loading on the fear and distress subfactor	30	0.980	0.018 (0.017–0.020)
MDE, Dysthymia, Panic disorder, PTSD, Social phobia, Specific phobia, Agoraphobia, GAD, ADHD, ODD, Conduct disorder, Substance abusee +Eating disorders	10,585 (10)a	Higher-order: eating disorders loading directly on internalizing	28	0.977	0.018 (0.016–0.021)
		Higher-orderd: eating disorders loading on fear	29	0.986	0.015 (0.013–0.017)
		Higher-orderd: eating disorders loading on distress	29	0.984	0.015 (0.013–0.018)
		Higher-orderd: eating disorders loading on fear & distress	30	0.986	0.015 (0.013–0.017)
MDE, Dysthymia, Panic disorder, PTSD, Social phobia, Specific phobia, Agoraphobia, GAD, ADHD, ODD, Conduct disorder, Substance abusee +Psychotic experiences	5,478 (6)b	3-factorc: PEs load on their own factor	39	0.972	0.015 (0.012–0.017)
		Higher-order with PEs loading on their own factor	41	0.984	0.011 (0.008–0.014)
MDE, Dysthymia, Panic disorder, PTSD, Social phobia, Specific phobia, Agoraphobia, GAD, ADHD, ODD, Conduct disorder, Substance abusee +Bipolar disorder and Psychotic experiences	5,478 (6)b	Higher-order with bipolar loading on the internalizing factor	43	0.983	0.011 (0.009–0.013)
		Higher-order with bipolar loading on the PE factor	43	0.959	0.017 (0.015–0.019)
		Higher-order with bipolar loading on the internalizing and PE factors	43	0.984	0.011 (0.009–0.013)

^aEating disorders were assessed in random subsamples in 7 of the 10 included countries.

^bPsychotic experiences were assessed in random subsamples in 4 of the 6 samples.

^cModel without cross-loadings and with freely estimated correlation(s) between factors

^dModel with freely estimated correlation between the higher-order factors

^eIncluding abuse and dependence