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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2018 May 11;201(1):124–133. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800101

Figure 6. Persistent Th2:Th1 perturbations after schistosomiasis.

Figure 6

Children with or without helminth infection had Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected at baseline and six-months later. Children with Ascaris or Schistosoma haematobium were treated with albendazole or praziquantel, respectively. Successful deworming was confirmed by microscopy and PCR at two and six months. The overall Mtb-specific CD4+ T cell response is illustrated as a pie graph with TNF-α (yellow arcs) and IFN-γ (red arcs) and IL-4 (green arcs). The Th1: Th2 ratio was determined by the ratio of IFN-γ and TNF-α compared to IL-4. Data represent 6 per helminth group and 18 un-infected controls.